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Angular 4 常用指令
NgIf
<div *ngIf="false"></div> <!-- never displayed --> <div *ngIf="a > b"></div> <!-- displayed if a is more than b --> <div *ngIf="str == 'yes'"></div> <!-- displayed if str holds the string "yes" --> <div *ngIf="myFunc()"></div> <!-- displayed if myFunc returns a true value -->
NgSwitch
有时候需要根据不同的条件,渲染不同的元素,此时我们可以使用多个 ngIf 来实现。
<div class="container"> <div *ngIf="myVar == 'A'">Var is A</div> <div *ngIf="myVar == 'B'">Var is B</div> <div *ngIf="myVar != 'A' && myVar != 'B'">Var is something else</div> </div>
如果 myVar 的可选值多了一个 'C',就得相应增加判断逻辑:
<div class="container"> <div *ngIf="myVar == 'A'">Var is A</div> <div *ngIf="myVar == 'B'">Var is B</div> <div *ngIf="myVar == 'C'">Var is C</div> <div *ngIf="myVar != 'A' && myVar != 'B' && myVar != 'C'"> Var is something else </div> </div>
可以发现 Var is something else 的判断逻辑,会随着 myVar 可选值的新增,变得越来越复杂。遇到这种情景,我们可以使用 ngSwitch 指令。
<div class="container" [ngSwitch]="myVar"> <div *ngSwitchCase="'A'">Var is A</div> <div *ngSwitchCase="'B'">Var is B</div> <div *ngSwitchCase="'C'">Var is C</div> <div *ngSwitchDefault>Var is something else</div> </div>
NgStyle
NgStyle 让我们可以方便得通过 Angular 表达式,设置 DOM 元素的 CSS 属性。
设置元素的背景颜色
<div [style.background-color="'yellow'"]> Use fixed yellow background </div>
设置元素的字体大小
<!-- 支持单位: px | em | %-->
<div>
<span [ngStyle]="{color: 'red'}" [style.font-size.px]="fontSize">
red text
</span>
</div>NgStyle 支持通过键值对的形式设置 DOM 元素的样式:
<div [ngStyle]="{color: 'white', 'background-color': 'blue'}">
Uses fixed white text on blue background
</div>注意到 background-color 需要使用单引号,而 color 不需要。这其中的原因是,ng-style要求的参数是一个 Javascript 对象,color 是一个有效的 key,而 background-color 不是一个有效的 key ,所以需要添加 ''。
NgClass
NgClass 接收一个对象字面量,对象的 key 是 CSS class 的名称,value 的值是 truthy/falsy的值,表示是否应用该样式。
CSS Class
.bordered {
border: 1px dashed black; background-color: #eee;}HTML
<!-- Use boolean value -->
<div [ngClass]="{bordered: false}">This is never bordered</div>
<div [ngClass]="{bordered: true}">This is always bordered</div>
<!-- Use component instance property -->
<div [ngClass]="{bordered: isBordered}">
Using object literal. Border {{ isBordered ? "ON" : "OFF" }}
</div>
<!-- Class names contains dashes -->
<div[ngClass]="{'bordered-box': false}">
Class names contains dashes must use single quote
</div>
<!-- Use a list of class names -->
<div class="base" [ngClass]="['blue', 'round']">
This will always have a blue background and round corners
</div>NgFor 指令用来根据集合(数组) ,创建 DOM 元素,类似于 ng1 中 ng-repeat 指令
<div class="ui list" *ngFor="let c of cities; let num = index">
<div class="item">{{ num+1 }} - {{ c }}</div>
</div>使用 trackBy 提高列表的性能
@Component({
selector: 'my-app',
template: `
<ul>
<li *ngFor="let item of collection;trackBy: trackByFn">{{item.id}}</li>
</ul>
<button (click)="getItems()">Refresh items</button>
`,
})
export class App {
constructor() {
this.collection = [{id: 1}, {id: 2}, {id: 3}];
}
getItems() {
this.collection = this.getItemsFromServer();
}
getItemsFromServer() {
return [{id: 1}, {id: 2}, {id: 3}, {id: 4}];
}
trackByFn(index, item) {
return index; // or item.id
}
}NgNonBindable
ngNonBindable 指令用于告诉 Angular 编译器,无需编译页面中某个特定的HTML代码片段
<div class='ngNonBindableDemo'>
<span class="bordered">{{ content }}</span>
<span class="pre" ngNonBindable>
← This is what {{ content }} rendered
</span>
</div>Angular 4.x 新特性
If...Else Template Conditions
语法
<element *ngIf="[condition expression]; else [else template]"></element>
使用示例
<ng-template #hidden> <p>You are not allowed to see our secret</p> </ng-template> <p *ngIf="shown; else hidden"> Our secret is being happy</p>
<template> —> <ng-template>
使用示例
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import 'rxjs/add/observable/of';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/delay';
@Component({
selector: 'exe-app',
template: `
<ng-template #fetching>
<p>Fetching...</p>
</ng-template>
<p *ngIf="auth | async; else fetching; let user">
{{user.username }}
</p>
`,
})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit {
auth: Observable<{}>;
ngOnInit() {
this.auth = Observable
.of({ username: 'semlinker', password: 'segmentfault' })
.delay(new Date(Date.now() + 2000));
}
}
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